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A century later, these Indian freedom fighters are finally being embraced—as Americans

Pashaura Dhillon was around six or seven years old, when his family fled their village of Jandiala in Punjab. They were among the 14 million people who were displaced as the British left the subcontinent, and India and Pakistan were formed in 1947.

“I vividly remember, avoiding known paths and stumbling through the muddy fields under the cover of darkness, we came across the man-made border to village Bhakna in district Amritsar by daybreak,” said Dhillon, now a 75-year-old living in Madera, California.

An estimated 1 million people died during the partition, one of the great forced migrations in human history. But the Dhillons were lucky. They found shelter.

“My family stayed with Baba Sohan Singh Bhakna, who was a close relative and became one of the biggest influences in my life,” said Dhillon.

Bhakna was the founding president of the Ghadar Party, a preeminent political and social organization that was formed in the United States a century ago by immigrant Indian Punjabi farmers.

Ghadar means “rebellion” in Urdu.

The party was founded in Astoria, Oregon, in 1913 with their first formal meeting held at the Finnish Socialist Hall, though the headquarters later moved to San Francisco, California.

It evolved from the Pacific Coast Hindustan Association, a network made up of mainly Punjabi workers. Their aim was to work towards an independent India but they also banded together to fight the severe discrimination they faced in the US.

Punjabis on America’s West Coast

On a bright and sunny November day in Berkeley, California, around 75 people, mostly of South Asian descent, gathered at the Finnish Brotherhood Hall to commemorate the Ghadar Party. The location served as a reminder about the party’s first meeting over 100 years ago.

With servings of chai and samosas , the attendees sat in semi-circular rows facing a panel that would engage with them about the Ghadar party’s legacy and its relevance today.

But first, 75-year-old Dhillon, who is also a singer, poet and retired architect, stood facing the crowd. Wearing a yellow turban and a dark grey suit, he sang a poem in tribute to the Ghadarites.

Nov. 1 was proclaimed by the city of Berkeley as Ghadar day in 2014. It became the seventh city in the state of California, after Ceres, Fresno, Manteca, Modesto, Stockton, and Turlok—and the eighth in the west coast after Astoria, Oregon— to officially recognize the roots and contributions of the Ghadar Party.

“That a Hindu Association and a Finnish Socialist Hall existed in remote, 1913 Astoria is its own startling news for many,” writes Johanna Ogden in her work called Ghadar, Historical Silences, and Notions of Belonging (pdf). Ogden, 60, is an independent and regional historian from Portland, Oregon.

Some 30 million people left India between 1830 and 1930 either by choice, economic imperative, or force, explains Ogden. They left home to work as merchants, soldiers, plantation workers, or labourers, largely in other British colonies.

The year 1908, in particular, saw an influx of Asian Indians into the US, primarily due to an immigration ban imposed by British Columbia, Ogden writes. Punjabis had been migrating to the US prior to 1908, but that year nearly 7,000 migrated to the country from Canada and other parts of the world. Eventually, the Punjabi community of labourers in North America stretched from British Columbia to California, working on mills and farms.

With pockets of communities spreading all over the West Coast, it wasn’t difficult for them to organize politically. The first of many Ghadar meetings was held in Astoria in 1913—and together with their weekly newsletter called “Hindustan Ghadar,” the newly formed party was able to spread and garner support for its pro-independence, nationalist and secular movement.

Within a year of the first meeting, Sohan Singh Bhakna who was at that time in Portland, led hundreds of Punjabi laborers from America’s west coast to India with the intention to forcefully overthrow the British. “Most were promptly captured, detained, tried, or executed,” notes Ogden.

Bhakna survived, spent close to 16 years in prison in India and lived out the rest of his life in the subcontinent.

Those that opted to stay back on the west coast continued supporting the party’s mission but also became involved with social injustices they faced locally. With their distinctive turbans and beards, Punjabis were not strangers to discrimination.

“Their personal experiences were horrifying and it was inevitable that they stood for labour and immigration rights here,” said Dhillon.

Eventually, the mission of the party restructured in lieu of India gaining independence. While members lent support to other movements, the Ghadar Party slowly faded away over the years.

Historians, activists and supporters have attempted to keep Ghadar stories alive but the party’s political achievements and link to Indian independence is largely forgotten today in America.

Political recognition

With her findings published in the Oregon Historical Quarterly in 2012, Ogden collaborated with the city and mayor of Astoria, Willis L. Van Dusen, to officially recognise the Ghadar Party.

“The Ghadarites fought and died not only for the freedom of their own country but also for the innate rights of the immigrant worker to lead a dignified and discrimination free life…” a clause in the proclamation reads.

Local legislative bodies offering Ghadar proclamations are a fairly recent development. Astoria, the birthplace of the Ghadar Party was the first city in the US to give one last year. A two-day celebration on Oct. 4 and Oct. 5, 2013, was funded by the city to celebrate the centenary.

After returning from the festivities in Astoria, Dhillon, along with other representative of the Sikh Council of Central California, approached several cities in the region about Ghadar resolutions, many of which were passed specifically recognising the party.

Similarly, Mary Nicely, 54, of the Peace and Justice commission in Berkeley introduced a resolution in the Berkeley city council after learning about Ghadar history while on a South Asian Radical History walking tour earlier this year.

But not everyone was thrilled with the development. One of the three Berkeley council members that abstained from voting, Gordon Wozniak, said “I understand that they didn’t think very highly of Mahatma Gandhi, so I don’t think we should argue with that.”

Barnali Ghosh, 40, organizer of the walking tour disagrees. “That is factually incorrect. The Ghadar movement was not non-violent but Gandhi came years later, after the peak of the movement that had its roots in Berkeley.”

Apart from the eight cities in the US, Canada’s Vancouver has passed a similar proclamation. Also pending is House Resolution 259 , introduced by representative Mike Honda that seeks recognition for the Ghadar Party at the national level in the US.

With the number of proclamations—and therefore, the Ghadar Party’s recognition—gradually increasing, Dhillon cannot help but think back to his childhood, where wooden cots with mosquito nets were laid out in Bhakna’s backyard and children gathered for poem recitals.

“I feel it takes a century,” he said, “but the Ghadrite spirit of solidarity for equality and leading a discrimination free and dignified life for all citizens is back at least in America, where it all began.”

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Whitney Cummings: I Didn't Understand Money So I Stopped Calling It Money

https://money.com/whitney-cummings-money-essay-im-fine/

It’s pretty surreal that I’m writing for Money magazine given that for most of my life, I knew absolutely nothing about money, except how to waste it. My brother went on to work for a renowned bank, so I’m assuming nobody taught me about money because I was a girl—maybe my tiny female brain couldn’t handle such big, fancy numbers. Whatever the reason, by the time I was 25, I realized I was financially illiterate. I’m not exaggerating. I seriously thought a 401(k) was a marathon.

Not that I really needed to know much about money until very recently. For most of my life I didn't have any, so knowing about investment plans, stocks or bonds would have been relatively pointless. My credit score was nonexistent. But once I started making money doing standup, this lack of an education really cost me, both literally and figuratively. I spent money impulsively and I gave money to whoever asked. It was all going pretty well, or so I thought, until one of my parents got sick…without health insurance. All of a sudden I needed all the money I had ever spent on shoes, fancy juices, and other people’s problems.

I remember sitting in the ICU, feeling not only terrified that I couldn’t afford to help with the medical bills, but also feeling trapped. In that moment, I realized I had been looking at money all wrong. It finally clicked for me that money is freedom.

Until that point, I didn’t know the way I managed my net worth was a reflection of my self-worth. What I spent my money on was either a positive or negative contribution to my future safety, sanity, and ability to feel free.

To change the way I thought about money, I started substituting the word “money” with the word “freedom.” This helped make previously difficult financial decisions way easier — and made the ones that used to be easy way harder. For example, if I was wondering about putting money into my 401(k), which I’m always hesitant to do because I want to see the money in my account now, I’d ask myself “Should I put some freedom into my 401(k) so I have some freedom when I get older?” All of a sudden, it was a no-brainer.

If someone asked me for money, I’d ask myself “Should I give some of my freedom to a friend who shows no signs of wanting to get her own life together and earning her own freedom, but keeps asking for some of my freedom?” So much for that loan.

Or if I couldn't decide if I wanted to buy something or not, I’d ask “Are these new jeans worth two hundred units of my current freedom?” Luckily, I’ve come across literally zero pairs of pants I value as much as being free. I have, however, found a couple wireless bras that I do. But they give me another kind of freedom — so perhaps that's why shelling out for those makes me feel like I’m breaking even.

Whitney Cummings is a comedian, actress and co-creator of 2 Broke Girls . Her book I'm Fine...And Other Lies is out this week.

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Kani bommakka.

Uttara Kannada (Karwar), Karnataka

September 08, 2022

Kani Bommakka was a bold woman freedom fighter of India who performed a unique adventure in the history of freedom struggle in the Ankola taluk of Uttara Kannada district.   Early on the morning of 22 September 1932, a large crowd of policemen escorted by passers-by had just landed on the shore of Mumbai's governorship. The governor shouted, stunned by the crowds. He looked dumbfounded at the sight. Kani Bommakka, who bravely and cleverly cracked the tight bandobasti of the police, delivered the message of the movement.

The governor was furious, "Amv took the gun and Nang shot Hakoku's hand, but his wife shot Bachao from the governor's bullet." She was arrested by police. As soon as the governor came aboard, the fighters' plans were set for the announcement of a black flag reading the ‘go-back governor’. Hundreds of people marched out of the district to fight the governor along the route of Ankola.

A police trekking fort is a chest tremor. Yet she had disguised herself on her journey to duty. The adolescent girl pretended to be granny, approached the governor and held the black flag, proclaiming "go back governor" and discharged her duties.

13 Powerful Women Freedom Fighters of Karnataka

Mahatma Gandhi led India’s struggle for freedom from 1920 to 1947. People from various backgrounds were drawn to his leadership. One big contribution in this struggle was of the women freedom fighters of Karnataka.

The proclamation by Gandhiji was prescient, when he expressed: “When the history of India’s fight for independence comes to be written, the sacrifice made by the women of India will occupy the foremost place”.

The backbone of India’s liberation was the commitment of women. They gave up their time to volunteer, advocate, protest, fast, and donate to the objective of freedom. These women should be acknowledged to understand how they played an active role in the freedom of India.

Here’s to the brave women freedom fighters of Karnataka who took up arms to fight for the nation’s freedom.

13 Women Freedom Fighters of Karnataka

1. kittur rani chennamma, 2. umabai kundapur, 3. yashodhara dasappa, 4. nagamma patil, 5. kamaladevi chattopadhyay, 6. rani abbakka chowta, 7. bellari siddamma, 8. keladi chennamma, 9. belawadi mallamma, 10. padmavati bidari, 11. shakuntala kurtakoti, 12. t. sunandamma, 13. sarojini mahishi, faqs on women freedom fighters of karnataka, who is the first female freedom fighter from karnataka, what was the role of kittur rani chennamma in the freedom struggle of india, what was the contribution of abbakka rani in the fight against the portuguese in karnataka.

• What was Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay's contribution to the freedom struggle of India?

What was the contribution of Sarojini Mahishi in the empowerment of women in Karnataka?

Karnataka’s female satyagrahis sacrificed everything for the cause of freedom. Women played a very important part in the liberation struggle. Women played a very active role and made great sacrifices for the cause of their homeland both before and during the time of Gandhi.

Around the year 1920, the independence movement in Karnataka entered the Gandhian era. Read along to know about the 13 powerful women freedom fighters of Karnataka.

Rani Chennamma was a legendary queen and a freedom fighter from the princely state of Kittur in present-day Karnataka, India. She was born on October 23, 1778, and lived during the time of Colonial India . Chennamma became the queen of Kittur at the age of 15, following the death of her husband Mallasarja Desai.

She is remembered for her bravery and leadership during the Indian Rebellion of 1857 , also known as the First War of Indian Independence. In 1824, when the British East India Company attempted to annex the princely state of Kittur, she led an armed rebellion against them.

She formed an army of 2000 soldiers, which included women warriors, and fought against the British forces. Despite being heavily outnumbered and outgunned, her army managed to repel the first British attack.

The British, however, were determined to capture Kittur and launched a second attack on the kingdom. In 1829, after a long and grueling battle, she was captured and taken prisoner along with her adopted son Shivalingappa. She was imprisoned in the Bailhongal Fort, where she died on February 21, 1829.

She is regarded as one of the earliest female freedom fighters in India and a symbol of resistance against British imperialism. Her bravery and leadership inspired many other freedom fighters, and she continues to be an icon of courage and patriotism in India.

To honor her contributions to the Indian freedom struggle, the Government of India issued a stamp in her name in 2007. Today, she is remembered as a legendary queen, a freedom fighter, and a symbol of women’s empowerment in India.

You might also like to read our article on Women Freedom Fighters of India .

Umabai Kundapur, also known as Umabai Dabade, was from Kundapur, a small town in present-day Udupi district of Karnataka. She was born in 1923 in a rural farmer family, where she witnessed the sufferings of the common people under the British colonialists.

She was deeply influenced by the Indian independence movement and the ideas of Mahatma Gandhi. She joined the Indian National Congress and actively participated in the Quit India Movement of 1942.

She organized meetings, processions, and rallies, and encouraged more people to join. She also raised awareness about the importance of self-reliance and self-sufficiency. She promoted the use of Khadi clothes and Swadeshi products.

In 1944, Umabai Kundapur was arrested by the British authorities and imprisoned in the Bellary jail. She was subjected to inhuman treatment and torture, but she refused to be intimidated or broken. She continued to inspire her fellow inmates and became a symbol of resistance against British imperialism.

After India gained independence in 1947, Umabai Kundapur dedicated her life to social and political causes. She promoted the welfare of women, children, and marginalized communities. She was elected as the first woman member of the Kundapur Panchayat in 1954 and later served as a member of the Karnataka Legislative Council.

Umabai Kundapur passed away in 1997, leaving behind a legacy of courage, patriotism, and social justice. She is remembered as a symbol of women’s empowerment and a pioneer of the Indian freedom struggle. Several institutions in Karnataka have been named after her.

Related Article: South Indian Women Freedom Fighters .

Yashodhara Dasappa was a prominent freedom fighter and social reformer from Karnataka, India. She was born on October 27, 1905, in a wealthy family in Dharwad, in a privileged background. She was deeply influenced by the Indian freedom movement and the ideas of Mahatma Gandhi.

She participated in various protests, processions, and rallies. She also worked to promote women’s rights and was a vocal advocate of women’s education and empowerment. She laid the foundation of the Karnataka Mahila Seva Samaja in 1947, which focused on improving the lives of women and children in the state.

After India gained independence in 1947, she continued to work for social and political causes. She served as the first woman Minister in the Karnataka government, holding the portfolio of Social Welfare and Labor. She led the establishment of the Karnataka State Women’s Development Corporation. It aimed at promoting socio-economic empowerment of women.

She believed in the power of education and worked to promote access to education for all, particularly women and marginalized communities. She also laid the establishment of the Karnataka Lingayat Education Society .

She passed away on October 2, 1976, but her legacy continues to inspire generations of people in Karnataka and beyond.

Also read our article on Unknown Female Freedom Fighters of India .

Amidst India’s independence struggle, Patil became a symbol of the Gandhian movement in Karnataka. After India achieved its freedom, she devoted herself to educating children. Born on December 16, 1905, she was married to veteran freedom fighter Padma Shri Sardar Veeranagouda Patil.

In 1924, when Mahatma Gandhi visited Belgaum, it made a deep impression her & she became an ardent follower of Gandhi. During the 1930s, she joined Sardar Veeranagouda and established Hubli’s Harijan Balika Ashram.

Both Nagamma and her husband joined the freedom fight in 1938 after hearing Mahatma Gandhi’s call to arms for the cause. She was detained and held in Hindalaga Prison in Belgaum for three months that same year. In 1942, she was likewise detained and held in the Yerawada Central for 13 months.

Read also: Famous Slogans of Female Freedom Fighters .

Born in Mangalore in 1903, Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay was a free-thinking feminist & freedom fighter. Her mother, a liberal Saraswat Brahmin, was her main inspiration.

Her parents made friends with a number of notable thinkers and independence fighters, including Mahadev Govind Ranade and Gopal Krishna Gokhale , as well as women’s rights activists Ramabai Ranade and Annie Besant . Due to this, young Kamaladevi became a swadeshi nationalist movement devotee at a young age.

She was in London when she learn about Mahatma Gandhi’s call for the Non-Cooperation movement . She returned to India and joined the Seva Dal. She was made in charge of the women’s section of the Seva Dal. She was a founding member of the All India Women’s Conference(AIWC) . She was the first organizing secretary of the AIWC.

Kamaladevi Chattopadhyaya was also a part of the Salt Satyagraha . She remained committed to feminism throughout her life, and she never shied away from opposing men who infringed on women’s rights. Her work was so successful that she was the first woman in India to run for a legislative position.

She received the Padma Bhushan and Padma Vibhushan from the Indian government.

Read about the First Women Freedom Fighter of India .

In the later half of the 16th century, Abbakka Rani was the first Tuluva queen of Ullal to engage in battle against the Portuguese. She was one of the first women to resist against colonialism and foreign invaders.

Her deeds helped the Indian freedom struggle get off the ground. Rani Abbakka earned the name Abhaya Rani (fearless queen) for her bravery.

Considering Ullal’s vital location, the Portuguese attempted many attempts to take it. For over four decades, Abbakka successfully repelled each of their assaults. Rani Abbakka gained the respect of her people, accomplished her dream of a free kingdom, and is still adored in her hometown of Ullal today.

You might also like to read about: Female Freedom Fighters of Tamil Nadu .

Bellari Siddamma was born in 1903 to a traditional family in the Dundasi Village of the present-day Haveri District. Her father was actively engaged in the struggle for liberation. He used to bring magazines and newspapers for Siddamma. Her nationalist beliefs grew as a result of this.

She found it simple to engage in the independence struggle because she was married to Murugappa, another freedom warrior. She had participated in the Shivapura Congress party in 1938.

She participated in the Aranya Sathyagraha in Chitradurga state in 1939, the “Mysuru Chalo” or “Aranmane Sathyagraha” & the Quit India Movement. In opposition to forest laws, the Aranya Satyagraha or Forest Satyagraha was organized. People engaged in civil disobedience by grazing cattle in the woodlands and cutting down valuable trees.

She is the first woman in the state of Mysuru to hoist the national flag & she served a one-month sentence in jail. She was arrested and sentenced to jail time due to the fact that she cut down wild date trees in the Davangere forests of Mayakowda and Anagond.

Later, she was elected as Davangere’s MLA & suggested the women start weaving and spinning. To ensure better health among rural women, she created “Mathrumandir.”

Her association with other important freedom fighters, including Sardar Veeranagouda Patil, S. Nijalingappa , and T. Siddalingaiah , made her a powerful leader and a key figure in the state’s history. She was honored with a copper plaque by the state government. She contributed to the fight for freedom and uplifting women in general.

Read also: Female Freedom Fighters of Maharashtra .

Keladi Chennamma was a prominent queen and warrior of the Keladi Nayaka Kingdom in Karnataka, India. She was born in 1671 in the Keladi Kingdom, in present-day Shimoga district, and was married to Somashekara Nayaka, the King of Keladi.

Her husband, Somashekara Nayaka, died in 1704, leaving their young son, Shivappa Nayaka, as the heir to the throne. During her son’s minority, she served as the regent of the Keladi Kingdom and played a key role in the administration of the state.

In 1734, the Maratha Empire , led by the Peshwa Baji Rao , launched an invasion of the Keladi Kingdom, seeking to annex it to their empire. Chennamma, then in her 60s, led the defense against the Maratha army, and successfully repelled their invasion.

Her bravery and military skills were instrumental in the Keladi Kingdom’s defense. The Keladi Kingdom continued to prosper under her rule, and she played a crucial role in promoting the welfare of the people.

She passed away in 1750, but her legacy continues to inspire generations of people in Karnataka and beyond.

Also read our article on Female Freedom Fighters of Goa .

Belawadi Mallamma was a brave freedom fighter and a social reformer who lived in the state of Karnataka, India. She was born in 1878 in a small village called Belawadi in the Hubli district of Karnataka. She came from a humble background and worked as a laborer in a cotton mill in Dharwad before becoming involved in the freedom struggle.

She played a crucial role in inspiring and mobilizing masses against British. She was a vocal critic of the social and economic injustices perpetuated by the British.

She was known for her acts of bravery and courage. In one famous incident, she led a group of women to storm a British army post in Dharwad. They successfully retrieved a cache of weapons that had been confiscated from the Indian freedom fighters.

Belawadi Mallamma also worked to promote social reforms and women’s rights. She advocated for the abolition of child marriage and dowry , and promoted the education and empowerment of women. She was an ardent supporter of Mahatma Gandhi’s philosophy of non-violent resistance.

She passed away in 1941, but she is remembered as a pioneering figure in the Indian freedom movement.

You might also like to read: Female Freedom Fighters of Bengal .

Padmavati Bidari was a courageous freedom fighter and social reformer from Karnataka, India. She was born in 1915 in a small village called Hulikunte in the Belagavi district of Karnataka. She grew up in a family that was actively involved in the Indian freedom movement, and this influenced her to join the struggle at a young age.

She was known for her fierce determination and commitment to the cause of Indian independence. Her contributions to the Indian freedom movement were significant, and she was often subjected to harassment and arrest by the British colonial authorities.

She also worked to promote social reforms and women’s rights. She was a vocal critic of the social injustices perpetuated against women, particularly child marriage and dowry. She actively campaigned for the education and empowerment of women, and worked to promote gender equality.

After India gained independence in 1947, she continued to work for social and political causes. She actively promoted women’s education and empowerment, and was a vocal advocate of women’s rights. She served as a member of the Karnataka Legislative Council and worked to promote social and economic development in the state.

She passed away in 2002, but she is remembered as a pioneering figure in the Indian freedom movement.

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Shakuntala Kurtakoti was a brave freedom fighter and a social reformer. She was born in 1921 in the town of Dharwad in Karnataka, India. From a young age, Shakuntala was inspired by the Indian freedom struggle, and she joined the movement as a teenager.

She was a staunch advocate of women’s rights and was instrumental in organizing and mobilizing women against the British. Shakuntala was arrested and jailed several times by the British authorities. She was known for her courage and determination, and her commitment to the cause of Indian independence.

She organized and led several marches and protests against social injustices against women. She also raised awareness about the importance of education for women and worked to improve access to education for girls and women.

After India’s independence in 1947, she continued to work for social and political causes. She played a key role in the establishment of several women’s organizations and institutions in Karnataka.

She also served as a member of the Karnataka Legislative Council and worked to promote social and economic development in the state. She passed away in 2004, but her legacy continues to inspire generations of people in Karnataka and beyond.

Also read our article on Female Freedom Fighters of Telangana .

T. Sunandamma was a prominent freedom fighter and social activist from Karnataka, India. She was born in 1915 in the village of Haralayya in the Kolar district of Karnataka. She was deeply inspired by the Indian freedom struggle, and from a young age, she actively participated in the movement.

She joined the Indian National Congress and worked to mobilize and organize women to participate in the freedom struggle.

In addition, She was also a social activist and worked tirelessly to promote social reform and women’s rights. She was a vocal critic of the social injustices that women faced, particularly child marriage and dowry. She also campaigned for the education and empowerment of women and worked to promote gender equality.

She was often subjected to harassment and arrest by the British authorities. Despite the hardships, she remained committed to the cause and continued to work for the betterment of her fellow citizens.

After India gained independence in 1947, Sunandamma continued to work for social and political causes. She actively promoted women’s education and empowerment and was a vocal advocate of women’s rights. She served as a member of the Karnataka Legislative Council and worked to promote social and economic development in the state.

T. Sunandamma passed away in 1987, but her legacy continues to inspire generations of people in Karnataka and beyond.

You might also like to read: Women Freedom Fighters of Kerala .

Sarojini Mahishi was a prominent social activist and freedom fighter from Karnataka, India. She was born in 1927 in Mysore, and from a young age, she was actively involved in social and political activities. She was deeply committed to social justice, and focused on empowering the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes .

She was a strong advocate for women’s rights and worked tirelessly to promote gender equality. She played a leading role in the formation of the Karnataka State Women’s Commission and worked to strengthen the rights of women in the state. She was also a champion of the rights of the working class and was actively involved in the trade union movement.

One of Sarojini’s most significant contributions was in the area of land reforms. She was appointed as the chairperson of the Karnataka Land Reforms Commission in 1974. Under her leadership, the commission proposed radical reforms to improve land ownership patterns.

These aimed to redistribute land to landless farmers and promote the welfare of agricultural laborers. The recommendations were eventually accepted by the state government.

Her contributions to the social and political life of Karnataka is respected for her activism and advocacy. Sarojini passed away in 2011, but her contributions to the betterment of society continue to be celebrated.

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Many women from Karnataka took up leadership roles in the Indian freedom struggle. Many have portraits and biographies on Kamat’s Potpourri website. At the time of independence, Karnataka was not a state but comprised of over twenty kingdoms and administrative blocks. As such, it is remarkable to note that women made up a significant part of the freedom struggle in Karnataka.

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Kittur Rani Chennamma is revered as the first female freedom fighter of Karnataka. She led an armed revolt against British Colonial rule.

Rani Chennamma was a queen of the princely state of Kittur in Karnataka. She fought against the British East India Company during the Indian Rebellion of 1857. She led an armed rebellion against the British and became a symbol of resistance against British imperialism in India.

Abbakka Rani was a queen of the Ullal region in Karnataka who fought against the Portuguese colonialists in the 16th century. She was known for her bravery and strategic skills and successfully led several attacks against the Portuguese.

What was Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay’s contribution to the freedom struggle of India?

Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay was a social reformer and freedom fighter. She was one of the first women to join the Indian National Congress. She also joined several important moves, such as the Quit India movement and the Salt Satyagraha. She was also a champion of women’s rights and worked to promote handicrafts and traditional arts.

Sarojini Mahishi was a social activist and politician. She worked to promote the rights of women and marginalized communities in Karnataka. She was instrumental in the implementation of the Mahishi Report. This report recommended reservations for women in government jobs in the state. She also worked to promote education and employment opportunities for women and Dalits.

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Write the names of freedom fighters from Karnataka.

Answer: it is a list of karnataka’s prominent leaders who undertook leadership positions during the historic freedom struggle against the british rule in india. it is essential to know there was no karnataka, like we currently know, at the time of india’s independence in 1947. rather, twenty separate administrative blocks, kingdoms and governments were spread around it. list of ten freedom fighters from karnataka.

• N.S. Hardikar
• T. Subramanyam
• Kittur Chennamma
• Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay
• Nittur Srinivasa Rao
• K.G. Gokhale
• Karnad Sadashiva Rao
• Srinivasrao Kaujalagi of Vijapur
• Kittur Rani Chennamma
• Nittoor Srinivasa Rau

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• Lal Bahadur Shastri Essay

Lal Bahadur Shastri: Life and Achievements of the Man of Peace

Lal Bahadur Shastri is known as the Man of Peace . He is famous as the second prime minister of independent India. He is also remembered for composing the slogan of " Jai Jawan, Jai Kisan " (which means ‘hail the soldiers and the farmers’). Let us learn more about the Life of this illustrious personality of Indian history. 

Lal Bahadur Shastri was born on the 2nd of October in 1904 in Mughalsarai of Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh . His father was Sharada Prasad Shrivastava and his mother was named Ramdulari Devi. 

Lal Bahadur Shastri was a student in the East Central Railway Inter College in Mughalsarai and Varanasi. In 1926, he successfully completed his graduation from the Kashi Vidyapeeth. As a part of his Graduation degree award, he was given the title of “Shastri" which loosely translates to “Scholar” in English. Somehow this degree began to be used as a part of his name. From a very young Life, Lal Bahadur Shastri was inspired by the ideals of Mahatma Gandh i.

Following the footsteps of his idol, he wanted to work to uplift the weak and poor in society. He thus became a Life member of the Servants of the People Society also known as the Lok Sevak Mandal which was established by Lala Lajpat Rai. 

On 16 May 1928, Lal Bahadur Shastri got married to Lalita Devi .

Contribution to the Freedom Struggle of India

During the 1920s, Lal Bahadur Shastri started to actively contribute to the independence struggle. He was an active participant in the non-cooperation movement. His contribution had such an effect that the British were forced to put him behind bars for some time.

Undeterred by this, in 1930, he participated in the Salt Satyagraha . For this movement, the East India Company sentenced him to two years of imprisonment. Even a prison sentence of 2 years could not diminish his zeal. In 1937, he joined the parliamentary Board of U.P as the Organising Secretary. After Mahatma Gandhi issued the Quit India Speech in 1942, many of the top leaders of the country, including Lal Bahadur Shastri, were imprisoned. He was released after 4 years in 1946. Even when in prison he did not stop reading books and he became very fluent in the works of western philosophers, revolutionaries, and social reforms.

Political Achievements

In 1947, he became the minister of Police and Transportation. Due to his amazing contribution to the sector, he was reappointed for the said post in 1957. In 1951, he was appointed the General Secretary of the AIC (All India Congress). In 1952, he was elected as the Rajya Sabha representative of UP. In 1955, he was appointed the Railway Minister. During his tenure, he made revolutionary changes in the Indian railway system. 

In 1961, he was appointed the Home Minister. As  6th Home Minister of India, Lal Bahadur Shastri served the country from 1961 to 1963. There he made remarkable changes to stop corruption. Finally, on 9th June 1964, he was appointed the Prime Minister of India. Lal Bahadur Shastri served his term as Prime Minister from 1964 to 1966. He was awarded the Bharat Ratna in 1966 .

Lal Bahadur Shastri breathed his last in Tashkent, Uzbekistan (then the Soviet Union) on 11  January 1966 . The cause of his death was a heart attack. 

This was the complete essay on the Life and achievements of Lal Bahadur Shastri .

FAQs on Lal Bahadur Shastri Essay

1. Why is Lal Bahadur Shastri considered an important person in History?

Lal Bahadur Shastri was the Second Prime Minister of Independent India, taking over after the death of Jawaharlal Nehru.  He served as the Prime Minister during one of the most crucial periods in the history of Independent India. When India was plagued by external aggression and political instability, coupled with an economic crisis - PM Lala Bahadur Shastri provided his erudite leadership and led the country out of the crisis. He has played an active role in both India’s fight towards independence and the consolidation of Independent India.  He was a Gandhian since the early times and took an active part in the Non-cooperation movement. Following the Gandhian principles, he promoted the White Revolution movement started by the AMUL Cooperative. His tenure as India’s Prime Minister during the early turbulent period has left Independent India stronger than before. PM Lal Bahadur Shastri’s untimely death in Uzbekistan during his post-war discussion left the nation reeling. The nation remembers PM Lal Bahadur Shastri as an icon and revolutionary leader, whose leadership has inspired the world. Rajendra Prasad has also been awarded the Bharat Ratna award for his contribution toward building a strong India.

2. How to download the Lal Bahadur Shastri Essay from the Vedantu website?

Vedantu offers free downloads of authentic and accurate Essays on India’s Second Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri in PDF format. It can be downloaded as a PDF from Vedantu's official website, which can be found here. Students are urged to work on the Essay to know the Life of PM Lal Bahadur Shastri. Practising by writing and reading multiple essays is regarded as a crucial habit for students to develop during their preparation stage for Essays. Other learning and self-study materials, such as worksheets, mock question papers, and previous year's question papers, are available on the Vedantu website; students are recommended to make use of it all.

3. Who gave the slogan “Jai Jawan Jai Kissan”?

Lal Bahadur Shastri during his term as second prime minister of India gave the famous slogan “Jai Jawan Jai Kissan”.

4. Who succeeded Prime Minister Shastri after his untimely demise in 1966?

Upon his death in 1966, Gulzarilal Nanda served as acting prime minister. Later the Congress Parliamentary Party elected Indira Gandhi to officially succeed Shastri.

5. What are some helpful hints for studying for the exams without enrolling in a tutoring programme?

Begin your preparation with a thorough reading and understanding of the syllabus and the exam format. 

Mark the topics that are tough and require more time for preparation and prepare accordingly.

When you're in class, pay close attention to what's being taught, make your own notes when the teacher is explaining. 

Practise the topics multiple times, on a daily basis. 

Make revision the most important habit from the start. 

Solve a large number of questions, previously asked questions and take a series of tests. 

Try to finish the practice paper in the time allotted. 

Instil time management practices in your children. 

Make an effort to answer more questions from your difficult topics than from your simple ones. 

Make a list of all your questions and concerns so that you may get them answered by your lecturers.

Consistency is the key. Consistent revision of the topics is important for scoring high marks in exams. Therefore, students must revise regularly to prepare for the exams.

Bhagat Singh Essay for Students and Children

500+ Words Essay on Bhagat Singh

He is referred to as Shaheed Bhagat Singh by all Indians. This outstanding and unmatchable revolutionary was born on the 28th of September, 1907 in a Sandhu Jat family in Punjab’s Doab district. He joined the struggle for freedom at a very young age and died as a martyr at the age of only 23 years.

Childhood Days:

Bhagat Singh is popular for his heroic and revolutionary acts. He was born in a family that was fully involved in the struggle for Indian Independence . His father, Sardar Kishan Singh, and uncle, Sardar Ajit Singh both were popular freedom fighters of that time. Both were known to support the Gandhian ideology.

They always inspired the people to come out in masses to oppose the British. This affected Bhagat Singh deeply. Therefore, loyalty towards the country and the desire to free it from the clutches of the British were inborn in Bhagat Singh. It was running in his blood and veins.

Bhagat Singh’s Education:

His father was in support of Mahatma Gandhi at and when the latter called for boycotting government-aided institutions. So, Bhagat Singh left the school at the age of 13. Then he joined the National College at Lahore. In college, he studied the European revolutionary movements which inspired him immensely.

Bhagat Singh’s Participation in the Freedom Fight:

Bhagat Singh read many articles about the European nationalist movements . Hence he was very much inspired by the same in 1925. He founded the Naujavan Bharat Sabha for his national movement. Later he joined the Hindustan Republican Association where he came in contact with a number of prominent revolutionaries like Sukhdev, Rajguru and Chandrashekhar Azad.

He also began contributing articles for the Kirti Kisan Party’s magazine. Although his parents wanted him to marry at that time, he rejected this proposal. He said to them that he wanted to dedicate his life to the freedom struggle completely.

Due to this involvement in various revolutionary activities, he became a person of interest for the British police. Hence police arrested him in May 1927. After a few months, he was released from the jail and again he involved himself in writing revolutionary articles for newspapers.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

The Turning Point for Bhagat Singh:

The British government held the Simon Commission in 1928 to discuss autonomy for the Indians. But It was boycotted by several political organizations because this commission did not include any Indian representative.

Lala Lajpat Rai protested against the same and lead a procession and march towards the Lahore station. Police used the Lathi charge to control the mob. Because of Lathi charge police brutally hit the protestors. Lala Lajpat Rai got seriously injured and he was hospitalized. After few weeks Lala Ji became shaheed.

This incident left Bhagat Singh enraged and therefore he planned to take revenge of  Lala Ji’s death. Hence, he killed British police officer John P. Saunders soon after. Later he and his associates bombed the Central Legislative Assembly in Delhi. Police arrested them, and Bhagat Singh confessed his involvement in the incident.

During the trial period, Bhagat Singh led a hunger strike in the prison. He and his co-conspirators, Rajguru and Sukhdev were executed on the 23rd of March 1931.

Conclusion:

Bhagat Singh was indeed a true patriot . Not only he fought for the freedom of the country but also he had no qualms giving away his life in the event. His death brought high patriotic emotions throughout the country. His followers considered him a martyr. We still remember him as Shaheed Bhagat Singh.

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